Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men and why does this benefit increase over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're left with only some solutions. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we aren't sure what the contribution of each factor is.

In spite of the weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men but not previously, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور has to be due to the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line - which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the gap is just half each year.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's now look at how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at the birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was tiny It has significantly increased over time.

Using the option 'Change country' on the chart, you can determine if these two points apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.