Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today, and why has this advantage increased in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure how significant the impact of each factor is.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men today however not as in the past, is to be due to the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for شراء متابعين تيكتوك survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

Interestingly, this chart shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less that half a year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity used to be smaller
We will now examine how the advantage of women in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two things stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was extremely small It has significantly increased with time.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.