Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? And why is this difference growing as time passes? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make a definitive conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; but we don't know exactly how strong the relative contribution of each factor is.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that a large portion of the reason women live longer than men however not as previously, is to be due to the fact that certain important non-biological aspects have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, تزويد لايكات يوتيوب especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be extremely small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

Using the option 'Change country' on the chart, you can check that these two points are also applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.