Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women are more likely to live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we only have incomplete solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which play a significant role in women living longer than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.

It is known that women live longer than men, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور (http://www.aia.community) regardless of their weight. But, this is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, cross-country differences are large. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was smaller
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there's an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest, but it grew substantially over the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you are able to verify that these two points apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.