Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? Why is this difference growing as time passes? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only limited solutions. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men today, but not previously, is to be due to the fact that a number of key non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور every country is above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
We will now examine the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be extremely small but it increased substantially over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you can confirm that the two points are also applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.