Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why does this benefit increase over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

We know that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. But this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, العاب زوجية ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that, while the advantage for women exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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The advantage for women in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries that it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, العاب زوجية there's an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be extremely small It has significantly increased with time.

Using the option 'Change country' on the chart, check that these two points are also applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.