Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and how is this difference growing in the past? There isn't much evidence and we're left with only some solutions. We know there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that play an integral role in women's longevity more than males, علامات الحمل بولد (Suggested Webpage) we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men do today, but not previously, has to do with the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very modest but it increased substantially over the last century.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.