Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? Why does this benefit increase as time passes? The evidence is limited and we have only partial solutions. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we do not know what the contribution to each of these variables is.

Independently of the exact amount, we can say that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men today however not as previously, has to have to do with the fact that a number of important non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage everywhere, cross-country differences are often significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in rich countries than it is now.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small but it increased substantially during the last century.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, verify that these two points are applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور France and the UK.