Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And why the advantage has grown in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we aren't sure how much the influence of each one of these factors is.

We know that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the gap is less than half one year.

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In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity was not as great.
We will now examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, اضيق وضعية للجماع the gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was once extremely small however, اضيق وضعية للجماع; websites, it has grown significantly over time.

You can verify that these are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.