Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men, and why has this advantage increased over time? There isn't much evidence and we only have some solutions. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we aren't sure how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

We know that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However this isn't because of certain biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For زيوت تطويل الشعر example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

The chart above shows that, while the advantage for women exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women used to be smaller
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very modest but it increased substantially during the last century.

You can check if these are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.