Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? And how does this benefit increase over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and اوضاع الجماع we only have partial solutions. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know how significant the impact of each factor is.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that a large portion of the reason why women live longer than men in the present, but not in the past, has to do with the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

This chart shows that, اوضاع الجماع although there is a women's advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of less than half a calendar year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest but it increased substantially in the past century.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, determine if these two points apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.