Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? What is the reason is this difference growing as time passes? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we aren't sure what the contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men do today, but not in the past, has to have to do with the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is only half a year.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy when they were born in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, زيوت تطويل الشعر (visit glorynote.com here >>) there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very small however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.