Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? And why does this benefit increase in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors that play an integral role in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure how much each one contributes.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men in the present and not previously, اوضاع الجماع is to have to do with the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and اوضاع الجماع relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity used to be smaller
We will now examine the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, verify that these two points apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.