Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? What is the reason is this difference growing in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only incomplete answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, https://glorynote.com/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D9%81/ however, we aren't sure how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be quite small, it has increased substantially over time.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.