Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present and why does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we only have partial answers. Although we know that there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men do today, but not previously, زيوت تطويل الشعر is to have to do with the fact that a number of key non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's look at how the gender advantage in longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very small but it increased substantially during the last century.

You can confirm that these principles are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.