Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? Why is this difference growing over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, افضل كريم للشعر behavioral and environmental variables which play a significant role in the longevity of women over males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that a large portion of the reason women live so much longer than men do today however not as in the past, has to relate to the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan, the difference is less that half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in countries with higher incomes that it is today.
We will now examine how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancy at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: افضل كريم للشعر Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased with time.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.