Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? And why is this difference growing as time passes? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're only able to provide limited solutions. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

We are aware that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But it is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that, while the advantage for women exists everywhere, the global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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In countries with high incomes, glorynote.com the advantage of women in longevity was not as great.
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. as well as women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny but it has risen significantly in the past.

You can verify that these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.