Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? And why is this difference growing as time passes? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly how significant the impact of each one of these factors is.

We have learned that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. But this isn't due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, زيوت تطويل الشعر there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest but it increased substantially in the past century.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.